International logistics, also known as global logistics, refers to the physical movement of goods in the process of international commodity transactions or exchanges when production and consumption are carried out independently in two or more countries. This activity aims to overcome the spatial and temporal distances between production and consumption, thus achieving the ultimate purpose of international commodity transactions, which is to realize the delivery of documents, goods, and collection of payment by the seller; and the acceptance of documents, payment of funds, and receipt of goods by the buyer.
International logistics (International Logistics): refers to the physical flow process of goods from the supply point of one country (region) to the receiving point of another country (region).
The broad scope of international logistics research includes international trade logistics, non-trade logistics, international logistics investment, international logistics cooperation, and international logistics exchanges. Among them, international trade logistics mainly refers to the rational flow of goods internationally; non-trade logistics refers to international exhibition and exhibit logistics, international postal logistics, etc.; international logistics cooperation refers to the international logistics completed by enterprises of different nationalities to complete major international economic and technological projects; international logistics investment refers to the joint investment and construction of international logistics enterprises by logistics enterprises of different countries; International logistics exchanges mainly refer to international exchanges in the fields of logistics science, technology, education, training, and management.
Narrow international logistics (International Logistics, IL) mainly refers to: when production and consumption are carried out independently in two or more countries (or regions), in order to overcome the spatial and temporal intervals between production and consumption, the logistics movement of goods (commodities) is carried out in an international commodity or exchange activity, thus achieving the ultimate purpose of international commodity transactions, that is, to realize the trade reciprocity conditions of the seller delivering documents, goods, and collecting payment, and the buyer accepting documents, paying funds, and receiving goods.
The essence of international logistics is to realize the flow and exchange of goods internationally according to the principle of international division of labor, in accordance with international practices, and by utilizing the internationalized logistics network, logistics facilities, and logistics technology, so as to promote the development of regional economies and the optimization of the allocation of world resources. The overall goal of international logistics is to serve international trade and multinational operations, that is, to select the best way and path, with the lowest cost and the smallest risk, to transport goods from the supplier of one country to the demander of another country in a timely manner, ensuring quality and quantity.
Compared with domestic logistics, international logistics has differences in four aspects: logistics environment, logistics system, information system and standard requirements. The main service objects of international logistics are international trade and multinational management. A very important feature of international logistics is the difference of logistics environment, which mainly refers to the soft environment of logistics. Different countries have different laws adapted to logistics, which increases the complexity of international logistics; Different levels of scientific and technological development in different countries make international logistics under different scientific and technological conditions, and even lead to the decline of the overall operation level of international logistics because some areas can not apply some technologies at all; Different standards in different countries will make it difficult for the international logistics system to establish a unified standard; Different national conditions will inevitably make international logistics subject to great limitations.
Due to the difference of logistics environment, it is necessary to force an international logistics system to operate in a variety of different legal, cultural, custom, language and scientific and technological environments, which will undoubtedly greatly increase the difficulty of international logistics and the complexity of the system.
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